pektiong

====== Differences ======

This shows you the differences between two versions of the page.

--- orthography_history [2020/11/06 05:12] – pektiong
+++ orthography_history [2020/11/06 13:33] – pektiong
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
-^ 年 ^ b ^ c ^ d ^
+^ Year ^ Author ^ Title ^ Language ^
-| 1832 | Medhurst, Walter Henry | Orthography of the Hok-këèn Dialect | 廈 |
+| 1832 | Medhurst, Walter Henry （麥都思） | Orthography of the Hok-këèn Dialect 《福建方言字典》| 廈 |
-| 1853 | Doty, Elihu | Anglo-Chinese Manual with Romanized Colloquial | 廈 |
+| 1853 | Doty, Elihu （羅啻） | Anglo-Chinese Manual with Romanized Colloquial 《翻譯英華廈腔語彙》| 廈 |
 | 1869 | MacGowan, John | A manual of the Amoy colloquial | 廈 |
-| 1873 | Douglas, Carstairs | Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy,\\ With the principal variations of the Chang-chew and Chinchew dialects | 廈 |
+| 1873 | Douglas, Carstairs（杜嘉德）| Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy,\\ With the principal variations of the Chang-chew and Chinchew dialects 《廈英大辭典》| 廈 |
+| 1882 | J. J. C. Francken（佛蘭根）, C. F. M. de Grijs（赫萊斯） | Chineesch-Hollandsch woordenboek van het Emoi dialekt 《廈荷大辭典》| 廈 |
+| 1891 | Mackay, Geobge Leslie（馬偕）| 《中西字典》 | 廈 |
+| 1894 | Talmage（打馬字）| 《廈門音个字典》| 廈 |
 | 1911 | Warnshuis, A. Livingston and H.P. de Pree | Lessons in the Amoy vernacular | 廈 |
 | 1913 | Campbell, William | A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures\\ Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (Taiwan) | 廈 |
@@ Line 19: / Line 22: @@
 | 1924 | Steele, John | The Swatow Syllabary with Mandarin Pronunciations | 汕 |
 | 1870 | R. S. Maclay, C. C. Baldwin and Samuel H. Leger | Dictionary of the Foochow Dialect | 福 |
+===== Consonants =====
+^ Word-Initial (IPA) | [p] |  [pʰ] | [b] | [m] | [t] | [tʰ] | [n] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] |  [g] |  [ŋ] | [h] | [ʨ] | [ʦ] | [s] | [ʣ] |
+^ blah | p | ph | b | m | t | th | n | l | k | kh | g | ng |h | ts | tsh | s | j |
+===== Monophthongs =====
+^ IPA ^ [a] ^ [e] ^ [i] ^ [ə] ^ [ɔ] ^ u [u] ^
+| blah | a  | e | i | o | ou | u |
+===== Tone marks =====
+^ 陰 ^^^^ 陽 ^^^^
+^ 平 ^ 上 ^ 去 ^ 入<sub>促</sub>，入<sub>入</sub> ^ 平 ^ 上 ^ 去 ^ 入<sub>促</sub>，入<sub>入</sub> ^
+^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^
+|  | acute | grave |  | circumflex | caron  | macron | vertical line above | double accute |
+|  | <fs:x-large>ˊ</fs> | <fs:x-large>ˋ</fs> | <fs:x-large>ˇ</fs>  | <fs:x-large>ˆ</fs> |  | <fs:x-large>ˉ</fs> | <fs:x-large>ˈ</fs> | <fs:x-large>˶</fs> |
+| <fs:x-large>a</fs> | <fs:x-large>á</fs> | <fs:x-large>à</fs> | <fs:x-large>ah</fs>  | <fs:x-large>â</fs> | <fs:x-large>ă</fs> | <fs:x-large>ā</fs> | <fs:x-large>âh</fs> | <fs:x-large>˶</fs> |
+===== References =====
+  * 徐宇航，十九世紀的潮州方言音系，《中國文化研究所學報》 Journal of Chinese Studies  No. 57 - July 2013.