orthography_history
Table of Contents
| Year | Author | 作者 | Title | Language |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1832 | Medhurst, Walter Henry | （麥都思） | Orthography of the Hok-këèn Dialect 《福建方言字典》 | 廈 |
| 1853 | Doty, Elihu （羅啻） | Anglo-Chinese Manual with Romanized Colloquial 《翻譯英華廈腔語彙》 | 廈 | |
| 1869 | MacGowan, John | A manual of the Amoy colloquial | 廈 | |
| 1873 | Douglas, Carstairs（杜嘉德） | Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy, With the principal variations of the Chang-chew and Chinchew dialects 《廈英大辭典》 | 廈 | |
| 1882 | J. J. C. Francken（佛蘭根）, C. F. M. de Grijs（赫萊斯） | Chineesch-Hollandsch woordenboek van het Emoi dialekt 《廈荷大辭典》 | 廈 | |
| 1891 | Mackay, Geobge Leslie（馬偕） | 《中西字典》 | 廈 | |
| 1894 | Talmage（打馬字） | 《廈門音个字典》 | 廈 | |
| 1911 | Warnshuis, A. Livingston and H.P. de Pree | Lessons in the Amoy vernacular | 廈 | |
| 1913 | Campbell, William | A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (Taiwan) | 廈 | |
| 1923 | Barclay, Thomas | Supplement to dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy | 廈 | |
| 1831 | Dean, William | First Lessons in the Tie-Chiw Dialect | 汕 | |
| 1877 | Giles, Herbert Allen | Handbook of the Swatow Dialect: With a Vocabulary | 汕 | |
| 1878 | Fielde, Adele Marion | First Lessons in the Swatow Dialect | 汕 | |
| 1883 | Fielde, Adele Marion | A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect Arranged according to Syllables and Tones | 汕 | |
| 1883 | Duffus, William | English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow | 汕 | |
| 1884 | Ashmore, William | Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar | 汕 | |
| 1886 | Lim, Hiong Seng | Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular | 汕 | |
| 1886 | Gibson, John Campbell | A Swatow Index of the Syllabic Dictionary of Chinese | 汕 | |
| 1889 | Duffus, William, and Gibson, John Campbell | Sin-Ieh Ma-Thai Hok-Im Tsu Tshuan-Tsu (Ek-So Tie-Chiu Peh-Ue) | 汕 | |
| 1896 | Anonymous | Ku-Ieh Tshang-Si Ki Tshuan-Tsu (Ek-Tso Tie-Chiu Peh-Ue) | 汕 | |
| 1924 | Steele, John | The Swatow Syllabary with Mandarin Pronunciations | 汕 | |
| 1870 | R. S. Maclay, C. C. Baldwin and Samuel H. Leger | Dictionary of the Foochow Dialect | 福 |
Consonants
| Word-Initial (IPA) | [p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m] | [t] | [tʰ] | [n] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [g] | [ŋ] | [h] | [ʨ] | [ʦ] | [s] | [ʣ] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blah | p | ph | b | m | t | th | n | l | k | kh | g | ng | h | ts | tsh | s | j |
Monophthongs
| IPA | [a] | [e] | [i] | [ə] | [ɔ] | u [u] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| blah | a | e | i | o | ou | u |
Tone marks
| 陰 | 陽 | |||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 平 | 上 | 去 | 入促，入入 | 平 | 上 | 去 | 入促，入入 | |
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
| acute | grave | circumflex | caron | macron | vertical line above | double accute | ||
| ˊ | ˋ | ˇ | ˆ | ˉ | ˈ | ˶ | ||
| a | á | à | ah | â | ă | ā | âh | ˶ |
References
- 徐宇航，十九世紀的潮州方言音系，《中國文化研究所學報》 Journal of Chinese Studies No. 57 - July 2013.
orthography_history.txt · Last modified: 2020/11/08 07:15 by pektiong
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