Year | Author | 作者 | Title | Language |
---|---|---|---|---|
1832 | Medhurst, Walter Henry | (麥都思) | Orthography of the Hok-këèn Dialect 《福建方言字典》 | 廈 |
1853 | Doty, Elihu (羅啻) | Anglo-Chinese Manual with Romanized Colloquial 《翻譯英華廈腔語彙》 | 廈 | |
1869 | MacGowan, John | A manual of the Amoy colloquial | 廈 | |
1873 | Douglas, Carstairs(杜嘉德) | Chinese-English dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy, With the principal variations of the Chang-chew and Chinchew dialects 《廈英大辭典》 | 廈 | |
1882 | J. J. C. Francken(佛蘭根), C. F. M. de Grijs(赫萊斯) | Chineesch-Hollandsch woordenboek van het Emoi dialekt 《廈荷大辭典》 | 廈 | |
1891 | Mackay, Geobge Leslie(馬偕) | 《中西字典》 | 廈 | |
1894 | Talmage(打馬字) | 《廈門音个字典》 | 廈 | |
1911 | Warnshuis, A. Livingston and H.P. de Pree | Lessons in the Amoy vernacular | 廈 | |
1913 | Campbell, William | A dictionary of the Amoy vernacular spoken throughout the prefectures Chin-chiu, Chiang-chiu and Formosa (Taiwan) | 廈 | |
1923 | Barclay, Thomas | Supplement to dictionary of the vernacular or spoken language of Amoy | 廈 | |
1831 | Dean, William | First Lessons in the Tie-Chiw Dialect | 汕 | |
1877 | Giles, Herbert Allen | Handbook of the Swatow Dialect: With a Vocabulary | 汕 | |
1878 | Fielde, Adele Marion | First Lessons in the Swatow Dialect | 汕 | |
1883 | Fielde, Adele Marion | A Pronouncing and Defining Dictionary of the Swatow Dialect Arranged according to Syllables and Tones | 汕 | |
1883 | Duffus, William | English-Chinese Vocabulary of the Vernacular or Spoken Language of Swatow | 汕 | |
1884 | Ashmore, William | Primary Lessons in Swatow Grammar | 汕 | |
1886 | Lim, Hiong Seng | Handbook of the Swatow Vernacular | 汕 | |
1886 | Gibson, John Campbell | A Swatow Index of the Syllabic Dictionary of Chinese | 汕 | |
1889 | Duffus, William, and Gibson, John Campbell | Sin-Ieh Ma-Thai Hok-Im Tsu Tshuan-Tsu (Ek-So Tie-Chiu Peh-Ue) | 汕 | |
1896 | Anonymous | Ku-Ieh Tshang-Si Ki Tshuan-Tsu (Ek-Tso Tie-Chiu Peh-Ue) | 汕 | |
1924 | Steele, John | The Swatow Syllabary with Mandarin Pronunciations | 汕 | |
1870 | R. S. Maclay, C. C. Baldwin and Samuel H. Leger | Dictionary of the Foochow Dialect | 福 |
Word-Initial (IPA) | [p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m] | [t] | [tʰ] | [n] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [g] | [ŋ] | [h] | [ʨ] | [ʦ] | [s] | [ʣ] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
blah | p | ph | b | m | t | th | n | l | k | kh | g | ng | h | ts | tsh | s | j |
IPA | [a] | [e] | [i] | [ə] | [ɔ] | u [u] |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
blah | a | e | i | o | ou | u |
陰 | 陽 | |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
平 | 上 | 去 | 入促,入入 | 平 | 上 | 去 | 入促,入入 | |
1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | 7 | 8 | 9 |
acute | grave | circumflex | caron | macron | vertical line above | double accute | ||
ˊ | ˋ | ˇ | ˆ | ˉ | ˈ | ˶ | ||
a | á | à | ah | â | ă | ā | âh | ˶ |