User Tools

Site Tools


orthography

====== Tâi-uân lô-má-jī orthography ====== In this article, we describe the orthography of "Tâi-uân lô-má-jī". Three variants will be included.

  • TL(o͘/ⁿ) variant.
  • TL(oo/nn) variant.
  • POJ (with Tiuⁿ,Jū-hông's extension).

===== Alphabet =====

==== TL(o͘/ⁿ) ==== | ^Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |o͘/ⁿ|A|Aᴺ\ Aⁿ|B|E|Eᴺ\ Eⁿ|G|H|I|Iᴺ\ Iⁿ|J|K|KH\ Kh|L|M|N|NG\ Ng|O|O͘|Oᴺ\ Oⁿ|P|PH\ Ph|S|T|TH\ Th|TS\ Ts|TSH\ Tsh|U|Uᴺ\ Uⁿ| ER\ Er | IR\ Ir | EE\ Ee | |oo/nn|A|ANN\ Ann|B|E|ENN\ Enn|G|H|I|INN\ Inn|J|K|KH\ Kh|L|M|N|NG\ Ng|O|OO|ONN\ Onn|P|PH/Ph|S|T|TH\ Th|TS\ Ts|TSH\ Tsh|U|UNN\ Unn| | ^Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |o͘/ⁿ|a|aⁿ|b|e|eⁿ|g|h|i|iⁿ|j|k|kh|l|m|n|ng|o|o͘|oⁿ|p|ph|s|t|th|ts|tsh|u|uⁿ| er | ir |ee | |oo/nn|a|ann|b|e|enn|g|h|i|inn|j|k|kh|l|m|n|ng|o|oo|onn|p|ph|s|t|th|ts|tsh|u|unn| ^index^1^2^3^4^5^6^7^8^9^10^11^12^13^14^15^16^17^18^19^20^21^22^23^24^25^26^27^28^29^30^31^32^

==== POJ ====

^Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |A|B|CH/Ch |CHH/Chh|E|G|H|I|J|K|KH/Kh|L|M|N|ᴺ|NG/Ng|O|O͘|P|PH/Ph|S|T|TH/Th|U|-| ^Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^ |a|b|ch|chh|e|g|h|i|j|k|kh|l|m|n|ⁿ|ng|o|o͘|p|ph|s|t|th|u|-| |1|2|3|4|5|6|7|8|9|10|11|12|13|14|15|16|17|18|19|20|21|22|23|24|25|26|27|28|29|30|31|32|

Note:

Hyphen is included as one of the alphabet.

Multigraphs are treated as sequences with regard to the rules of capitalization:

  • ALL CAPS: TSHU.
  • First word of a sentence: Tshu. :er發音為[ǝ] ir發音為[ɨ] ee發音為[ԑ] ere ===== Diacritics ===== Taiwanese makes use of five diacritics: the acute accent, grave, circumflex accent, macron, vertical line above.

| ^Majuscule forms (also called uppercase or capital letters)^^^^^^^^Minuscule forms (also called lowercase or small letters)^^^^^^^^ | |A|E|I|O|O͘|U|M|NG|a|e|i|o|o͘|u|m|ng| | acute |Á|É|Í|Ó|Ó͘|Ú|Ḿ|ŃG|á|é|í|ó|ó͘|ú|ḿ|ńg| | grave |À|È|Ì|Ò|Ò͘|Ù|M̀|ǸG|á|é|í|ó|ó͘|ú|ḿ|ńg| | circumflex |Â|Ê|Î|Ô|Ô͘|Û|M̂|N̂G|â|ê|î|ô|ô͘|û|m̂|n̂g| | caron |Ǎ|Ě|Ǐ|Ǒ|Ǒ͘|Ǔ|M̌|ŇG|ǎ|ě|ǐ|ǒ|ǒ͘|ǔ|m̌|ňg| | macron |Ā|Ē|Ī|Ō|Ō͘|Ū|M̄|N̄G|ā|ē|ī|ō|ō͘|ū|m̄|n̄g| | vertical line above |A̍|E̍|I̍|O̍|O̍͘|U̍|M̍|N̍G|a̍|e̍|i̍|o̍|o̍͘|u̍|m̍|n̍g| | double accute |A̋|E̋|I̋|Ő|Ő͘|I̋|M̋|N̋G|a̋|e̋|i̋|ő|ő͘|ű|m̋|n̋g|

They are used to denote the tone as follows:

^ 陰 ^^^^ 陽 ^^^^ ^ 平 ^ 上 ^ 去 ^ 入<sub></sub>,入<sub></sub> ^ 平 ^ 上 ^ 去 ^ 入<sub></sub>,入<sub></sub> ^ ^ 1 ^ 2 ^ 3 ^ 4 ^ 5 ^ 6 ^ 7 ^ 8 ^ 9 ^ | | acute | grave | | circumflex | caron | macron | vertical line above | double accute | | | <fs:x-large>ˊ</fs> | <fs:x-large>ˋ</fs> | <fs:x-large>ˇ</fs> | <fs:x-large>ˆ</fs> | | <fs:x-large>ˉ</fs> | <fs:x-large>ˈ</fs> | <fs:x-large>˶</fs> |

  • 促聲[tshik-siann] (-h)
  • 入聲[ji̍p-siann] (-p,-t,-k)

===== Consonants ===== ^ blah | p | ph | b | m | t | th | n | l | k | kh | g | ng |h | ts | tsh | s | j | ^ Word-Initial (IPA) | [p] | [pʰ] | [b] | [m] | [t] | [tʰ] | [n] | [l] | [k] | [kʰ] | [g] | [ŋ] | [h] | [ʨ] | [ʦ] | [s] | [ʣ] |

===== Links =====

orthography.txt · Last modified: 2020/11/06 01:46 by pektiong